What is Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a prevalent eye condition that primarily affects individuals over the age of 55, leading to progressive and irreversible vision loss. It targets the macula, a central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision, crucial for activities like reading, driving, and recognizing faces.

AMD is classified into two main types: dry AMD and wet AMD. Dry AMD, the more common form, involves the gradual breakdown of macula cells, resulting in blurring and vision loss. Wet AMD, although less common, progresses more rapidly due to abnormal blood vessel growth beneath the retina, leading to significant vision impairment due to leakage and scarring.

The exact causes of AMD remain unclear, but age is the most significant risk factor. Other contributing factors include smoking, high cholesterol, and hypertension. Genetics also play a role, with multiple genes associated with an increased risk of AMD.

Currently, there is no cure for AMD, but treatments are available that can slow its progression or improve vision. For wet AMD, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has been effective in treating the condition by inhibiting the growth of abnormal blood vessels. For dry AMD, lifestyle changes and dietary supplements are recommended to manage the condition and slow its progression. Early detection and regular monitoring are crucial for managing AMD, emphasizing the importance of regular eye examinations for those at risk.

AAs of the information provided, around 200 million people worldwide are living with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), and this number is expected to reach 288 million by 2040

An ophthalmologist quote on Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) from Penn Medicine states: "Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a condition that can affect your central vision. It is caused by the deterioration of the central portion of the retina, known as the macula. The macula is responsible for central vision in the eye and allows us to see fine details clearly. AMD is a major cause of blindness and visual impairment in older adults but does not lead to complete blindness since peripheral vision is not affected" - Penn Medicine states